I am a mature student at the University of Cumbria studying in my final year for a degree in Wildlife & Media. If you can help me in any way with this project then please make contact, either by e-mail at dansencier@yahoo.co.uk or on 07731 758774.

Wednesday 31 October 2012

The travelling starts...

I would like to thank all those who have made contact since my letter was published in several Cumbrian newspapers. As a result I have arranged interviews in Ambleside and Sedgwick over the next week with the prospect of some very exciting new information. However, if you were going to call me but still thinking about it, then please pick up the phone because the more the merrier on this journey. What you have to say could make a real difference.

So let's make some….

To make gunpowder, or black powder as it is also called, you need – seventy-five parts saltpetre finely ground, fifteen parts charcoal and ten parts sulphur. 
All ingredients must be fine ground separately. This can be done by hand using a pestle and mortar. Never mix all three ingredients before grinding unless you want to turn you mortar into a canon and blow your hand off!
Once ground, the ingredients can be mixed with a small amount of water so that the mixture comes out as a paste, like biscuit dough. Stale urine can also be used as it improves the performance of the gunpowder. Then spread the paste onto a sheet of foil and let it dry for 2 to 3 days until it is a thin hard cake. Grind it up once again into the finest powder to make your “proper, fast burning gunpowder”.
When making your gunpowder never add any other ingredients or explosive powders unless you want to turn your gun into a grenade that can kill you or cripple you for life. Keep the black powder stored in steel, airtight tins in a cool, dry place, out of the reach of children.

Friday 26 October 2012

Juniper on BBC news 2004...



Kendal Mountain Rescue play their part in saving the juniper (click here)

Free gin for juniper spotters! (click here)

Press release...

Several newspapers in Cumbria have agreed to publish this letter, either this week or next, so let's hope that some good information flows in as a result…


Can you help to shed light on the demise 
of Cumbria’s Juniper trees?
As part of a research project aimed at helping the Cumbria Wildlife Trust with their Juniper regeneration programme, I am trying to discover just how many of these amazing trees there were in our county before industry, the miners and farmers moved in.
At this time of year, the evenings are drawing in, the nights getting colder and outside, we hear the crack and bang of fireworks, but how many of you know that Cumbria was once the gunpowder capital of Europe? 
As a 3rd year Wildlife & Media mature student at the University of Cumbria, and in conjunction with the Cumbria Wildlife Trust, I am undertaking research into the rise and fall of this industry and looking to find out what effect this had on the Junipers of Cumbria.
The Junipers? Yes, that is why gunpowder mills started to spring up all over South Cumbria, because the best charcoal in the production of the finest gunpowder was made from Juniper wood. If I can establish the scale of gunpowder production, I hope to relate this back to how much charcoal, and thus how much Juniper would have been used. But we may have exported or imported both gunpowder and Juniper, so this will not be a simple task.
I already have information from an excellent book called ‘Gunpowder Mills of Cumbria’ by Ian Tyler, and also ‘The Leven Valley, a secret past’ by Ronald Mein & Richard Sanderson’, but I need more. I am trying to trace all three of these authors with a view to interviewing them. Can you help?
Do you have any relatives or friends that might know of anyone who had a parent who worked in the Gunpowder Mills? Perhaps you know someone who works or has worked in offices where old record books were kept; possibly churches, schools, company offices, council vaults; the list is endless. I am looking for old photographs, sketches or paintings that might show the landscape before these trees were felled, also old maps that showed the vegetation make up of these areas. Perhaps you have other ideas that you would like to share with me, so that I can produce an article that will eventually be free for all to read on-line. This is a very exciting project and I hope you will join me in bringing the past to life, so that we can help the Cumbria Wildlife Trust with the regeneration of this beautiful tree, and in return help the local wildlife that depends so much on it.

Wednesday 17 October 2012

Just as well my wife Beverley had her ear to Radio Cumbria when driving to work on Monday morning. Click the link below for a very interesting clip that I lifted from BBC I-player regarding 'Low Wood Gunpowder Mills'. I have some contacts at the radio station after my campaign to improve our local hospital last year, so now might be a good time to make a few calls!

Click here it lasts about 5 minutes




Saturday 13 October 2012

Information flowing in!


A very busy few weeks and some great research online has revealed some excellent links below. Plenty to follow up on over the winter! I must admit, when I started out on this I didn't think there would be much to go on, but there's a wealth of information if you look hard enough.

I scoured eBay and found a great publication, and also a signed first edition. It was the book 'The Gunpowder Mills of Cumbria' by Ian Tyler (2002). It was up for sale at £1! I put my max bid at £12 and just left it at that. There was nobody else watching it and I thought it was mine. A sudden interest and an automatic bid grabbed it for £12.80. BLAST!! 

Not all lost though, I managed to get a hardback copy, new condition, a reprint in 2010. I'm going to track down Ian Tyler and get him to sign it, after I've interviewed him. I can't tell you how much it cost me as my wife may read this blog!


It was a bad time in Cumbrian history to be a Juniper. Had they been able to, they would have all left the county. 
I now need to do a serious amount of reading before I venture out and examine some of these old sites. There are people to track down, doors to knock on and letters to write!

http://www.geog.port.ac.uk/webmap/thelakes/html/topics/gunmillf.htm

http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/professional/research/landscapes-and-areas/protected-landscapes/other-projects/cumbrian-gunpowder/

http://www.matthewpemmott.co.uk/2010/07/sedgwick-gunpowder-works-nr-sedgwick.html

http://www.cumbria-industries.org.uk/gunpowder.htm

http://csweb.bournemouth.ac.uk/aip/gaz2001/e/nwest/e162001.pdf

http://www.royalgunpowdermills.com/GEHG/GMSGNewsletter11_webp.pdf

http://www.bbc.co.uk/legacies/work/england/cumbria/

http://www.treesforlife.org.uk/tfl.juniper.html


Wednesday 3 October 2012

Meeting with Neil and Mike

Went down to Kendal on Tuesday to hook up with Neil and Mike at the Cumbria Wildlife Trust HQ. Rain was coming down in buckets as I left Penrith and it just got worse as I drove south; but well worth the trip. Neil and Mike are both really nice guys and as we chatted over a cup of tea I soon realised how very 'committed to the cause' they both are.

Mike knows more about Junipers than Santa knows about Christmas and I was given a great insight into the Uplands for Junipers Project(Link here)
I picked up more material to get me started on my research and came away with a bunch of   great ideas.
I think I may have to initially blanket bomb the Cumbrian Press to see if there is anyone out there who remembers the Gunpowder Mills in Cumbria, which apparently were around until as late as 1935! That would mean a 20 year old worker would now be into their late 90's, but it's not beyond the realms of possibility given the longevity of the Cumbrians! I might even trace someone who can remember their dad or mum talking about it. I plan to visit churches, town halls, schools, company records and anywhere else that could give me clues to these questions.

How much Gunpowder was produced in Cumbria?

How prolific were the Junipers back then?

How well managed was Juniper as a crop?

How many of the existing Juniper stands are from that era?

How much did we export or import of Juniper and/or gunpowder?

Mike gave me a great book written by Ronald Mein and Richard Sanderson called 'The Leven Valley'- 'a secret past'. I must contact Ronald to see if he can expand or give any other leads on the Low Wood Gunpowder Mills 1798-1935. There's a great article in the book which explains the process used to make gunpowder (don't try it at home). The 3 ingredients are sulphur, saltpetre and charcoal. The sulphur came from Mount Vesuvius, the saltpetre from India or Chile but the charcoal was made locally out of either birch, alder or juniper, the latter giving the best quality powder. I'll write up the whole process when I'm a bit further down the line, but already this is becoming a very, very intriguing journey.